Langton’s Ant — from Wolfram MathWorld

When the ant is started on an empty grid, it eventually builds a “highway” that is a series of 104 steps that repeat indefinitely, each time displacing the ant two pixels vertically and horizontally. The plots above show the ant starting from a completely white grid after 386 (left figure) and 10647 (right figure) steps. In the right figure, the highway is being constructed towards the lower right-hand corner. The fact that the ant’s path is unbounded is guaranteed by the Cohen-Kung theorem. It is believed that no matter what initial pattern the ant is started on, it will eventually build a highway (although it might in principle take an extremely long time to reach this point). This would appear to follow naturally from the fact that Langton’s ant is reversible, although it remains formally unproved (Beermann and Van Foeken).


No, really, pi is wrong: The Tau Manifesto by Michael Hartl

Welcome to the Tau Manifesto. This manifesto is dedicated to one of the most important numbers in mathematics, perhaps the most important: the circle constant relating the circumference of a circle to its linear dimension. For millennia, the circle has been considered the most perfect of shapes, and the circle constant captures the geometry of the circle in a single number. Of course, the traditional choice of circle constant is pi—but, as mathematician Bob Palais notes in his delightful article “pi Is Wrong!”,1 pi is wrong. It’s time to set things right.


The Last Question

Isaac Asimov was the most prolific science fiction author of all time. In fifty years he averaged a new magazine article, short story, or book every two weeks, and most of that on a manual typewriter. Asimov thought that The Last Question, first copyrighted in 1956, was his best short story ever.


Historical Pirate Flags

While the precise origin of the pirate flag is unknown, its ancestry can be traced with some certainty. They were used to intimidate the enemy or victim, and the flag was designed to conjure up fear and dread. It was an important part of the pirate armoury, and was the pirate’s best form of psychological warfare, especially when combined with a preceding reputation of not showing any quarter if opposed.

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